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51.
Roni Efrati Michal Natan Avishay Pelah Anina Haberer Ehud Banin Ana Dotan Amos Ophir 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2014,131(11)
Antimicrobial packaging can preserve and increase shelf life of free preservatives food products. Active materials present in the packaging material can migrate, in a controlled manner, to the food surface, avoiding bacterial and fungal proliferation and keeping the food product edible for longer periods of time. Essential oils (EO) are natural antimicrobial agents that can be released to the headspace with no direct contact between the package and the food. To minimize loses of EO during high heat melt processing, a three stages process was implemented and tested. Antimicrobial films were prepared by melt mixing a variety of polyethylene copolymers in the presence of organo‐modified montmorillonite nano clay (NC) and thymol, an EO present in oregano and thyme. A controlled EO desorption from films can be achieved by changing the polymer crystallinity and polarity. As the crystallinity increased, the thermal stability of the EO during the extrusion process improved. The addition of NC affects the structure and homogeneity of the crystals. The combination of high polymer crystallinity and chemical affinity between EO and NC increased the thermal stability of the EO during film processing, enabling to control the desorption rate. The effect of multilayer structure based on varied densities and polarities was also studied. Increasing the polarity of the outer layers in multilayered film reduced the EO desorption rate as a result of chemical interactions between the polymer and the EO. The final antimicrobial activity of the films was also found to be dependent on the EO partitioning. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40309. 相似文献
52.
Jiří Čulík Marie Jurková Tomáš Horák Pavel Čejka Vladimír Kellner Josef Dvořák Pavel Karásek Michal Roth 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2009,115(3):220-225
The EBC method 7.7, currently used for determination of bitter acids in hop products, is a time‐consuming and laborious extraction technique. In this paper, our aim was to propose a new extraction method based on Pressurized Solvent Extraction (PSE) sometimes also called Pressurized Fluid Extraction (PFE) or Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). Compared to conventional extractions, PSE offers a number of important benefits. PSE on OnePSE® automated extractor was used for extraction of α‐ and β‐acids from hops and hop products and the parameters influencing extraction efficiency and the influence of the sample preparation method were studied. The quantitative determination of α‐ and β‐acids in the extracts was accomplished by using an HPLC apparatus equipped with diode array detector. The experimental results were compared with those obtained by the standard EBC 7.7 method and the two methods were found to be fully compatible 相似文献
53.
Maciej Orman Michal OrkiszCajetan T. Pinto 《Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing》2011,25(4):1408-1416
This paper presents a newly developed algorithm for induction machine rotor speed estimation and parameter detection. The proposed algorithm is based on spectrum analysis of the stator current. The main idea is to find the best fit of motor parameters and rotor slip with the group of characteristic frequencies which are always present in the current spectrum. Rotor speed and parameters such as pole pairs or number of rotor slots are the results of the presented algorithm. Numerical calculations show that the method yields very accurate results and can be an important part of machine monitoring systems. 相似文献
54.
Michal Firstenberg Kammasandra Nanjunda Shivananda Irit Cohen Olga Solomeshch Vladislav Medvedev Nir Tessler Yoav Eichen 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(4):634-643
Sequence‐independent or “click”‐type chemistry is applied for the preparation of novel π‐conjugated oligomers. A variety of bi‐functional monomers for Wittig–Horner olefination are developed and applied in a sequential protection–deprotection process for the preparation of structurally similar π‐conjugated oligomers. Selected oligomers are incorporated as the organic semiconductors in light‐emitting diodes and a field‐effect transistor, demonstrating the potential of the approach. 相似文献
55.
Michal Arbilly Uzi Motro Marcus W. Feldman Arnon Lotem 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2011,8(64):1604-1615
In an environment where the availability of resources sought by a forager varies greatly, individual foraging is likely to be associated with a high risk of failure. Foragers that learn where the best sources of food are located are likely to develop risk aversion, causing them to avoid the patches that are in fact the best; the result is sub-optimal behaviour. Yet, foragers living in a group may not only learn by themselves, but also by observing others. Using evolutionary agent-based computer simulations of a social foraging game, we show that in an environment where the most productive resources occur with the lowest probability, socially acquired information is strongly favoured over individual experience. While social learning is usually regarded as beneficial because it filters out maladaptive behaviours, the advantage of social learning in a risky environment stems from the fact that it allows risk aversion to be circumvented and the best food source to be revisited despite repeated failures. Our results demonstrate that the consequences of individual risk aversion may be better understood within a social context and suggest one possible explanation for the strong preference for social information over individual experience often observed in both humans and animals. 相似文献
56.
The article presents mathematical and computational research dealing with the problem of stochastic interface defects occurring in composite materials between their constituents. A mathematical model of the periodic composite with such defects is presented in detail, as well as probabilistic numerical methods enabling computational experiments which are shown in a further part of the text. The fiber-reinforced and laminated composite has been tested in numerical tests as well as the superconducting coil cable-four-component composite to verify how the structural defects considered, according to the model introduced, influence the static behavior of the composites analyzed. All the results obtained and discussed in the article are summarized in concluding remarks which show the directions of further model development, while numerous references enable the reader to study the problem further. 相似文献
57.
Nasanjargal Purev Ladislav Burgert Petr Prichystal Radim Hrdina Jiri Kühn Michal Cerny Jamyan Oyuntulkhuur 《Coloration Technology》2013,129(6):412-417
CI Acid Black 210 was microencapsulated into liposomic systems, and the effects of the microencapsulation on dyebath exhaustion, depth of shade, colour fastness properties and through‐dyeing of chrome‐tanned leather were studied. In comparison with the original dyestuff form, the microencapsulated dye showed a deeper shade and a greater depth of through‐dyeing. Exhaustion and colour fastness values were the same. 相似文献
58.
Traveling-wave Phenomena in a Model of Autocrine Signaling Coupled with Dynamics of the MAPK Cascade
Recently we have revealed a minimal reaction subnetwork in the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade that is responsible for the emergence of bistable and oscillatory behavior. Here we examine a possible mechanism that provides for the propagation of increased MAPK activity in cell populations by interconnecting the intracellular MAPK subnetwork with the ligand-receptor signaling machinery. Such approach allows for significant reduction of the dimensionality of the parameter space on one hand and the conservation of dynamical complexity of the system on the other hand. The coupled model predicts coexistence of one, two or three different stable steady states, or the coexistence of a stable steady state and periodic solution. We found two robust and physiologically relevant characteristics of the proposed model: (i) There is a very large region of coexistence of at least one stable steady state with non-zero MAPK activity and one steady state with zero MAPK activity in the parameter space. (ii) Spontaneous traveling front waves always switching originally inactive cells into ligand releasing cells emerge in adjacent cell populations, e. g. in healthy and injured tissues. Moreover, the formation of composite traveling front waves and spatial oscillatory patterns of MAPK activity are predicted and discussed. 相似文献
59.
60.
Partition coefficients of phenol, salicylic acid, and several environmentally important chloro- and nitrophenols in a supercritical CO2-water system were measured using direct cocurrent extraction of aqueous solutions of the individual solutes with CO2. Partitioning data on the nitrophenols and salicylic acid were obtained for the first time. To bypass the troublesome and error-prone analysis of the CO2-rich phase, the present method employed only the solute concentrations in the aqueous phase before and after extraction to determine the partition coefficient. Unlike most previous engineering studies of phenol partitioning in a CO2-water system, the concentrations of phenolic solutes approached infinite dilution in both phases. This makes the results relevant to analytical-scale SFE of environmental water samples with CO2. Because of effective infinite dilution of the solutes, the partition coefficients provide a direct measure of relative CO2-philicity/hydrophilicity of the individual phenols. Compared to the octanol-water partition coefficients of substituted phenols, the CO2-water partition coefficients are more sensitive to substitution in the position neighboring the hydroxyl group. 相似文献